Monday, July 25, 2011

Corporate reporting practices

Corporate sustainability reporting has evolved rapidly since the first environmental reports appeared in the late 1980s. Many of the early efforts were health and safety reports modified to account for impacts on the environment.
In the early days there were no accepted standards for corporate reports, so there were wide variations in the content and format of the reports produced.
Nowadays, environmental issues have been joined on the agenda by social considerations, and the reporting process has been broadened into an audit of what is loosely termed 'corporate responsibility'.
Companies committed to corporate reporting are increasingly following guidelines drawn up under the Global Reporting Initiative, launched in 1997 by the Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) in partnership with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).
In November 2000 'The Global Reporters' was published, a survey of 50 corporate reports from around the world, by UK-based consultancy SustainAbility. This identifies eight 'hot topics' common to the reports, and proposes ten improvements for future reports.
A recent review was undertaken of corporate reporting practices in Canada, based on a sample of 20 company reports. The 'Sustainability Reporting Program' suggests three basic approaches, or 'templates', for reports to follow, namely (i) creating a positive impression; (ii) the business case for sustainable development; and (iii) standardized reporting.
'Stepping Forward' was published in November 2001, the first in-depth examination of sustainability reporting practices in Canada.

Corporate Reporting Practices - Presentation Transcript
Technical Session-I Corporate Reporting & Accounting Standards in the Global Scenario:

    • INTRODUCTION:
    • What is corporate reporting?
    • Corporate reporting framework:
    • Benefits of reporting
    • NEW TRENDS IN REPORTING:
    • Latest developments :
    • Corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective
    • Insights drawn :
    • Global trends :
    • Good practices :
    • Reporting Tips :

  1. INTRODUCTION:
    • Reporting is considered a core business intelligence (BI)
    • Allows organizations to easily access, format, and deliver information
    • To employees, customers, and Stakeholders

3.     What is corporate reporting?
Relate to the presentation and disclosure aspects on:
o    Financial reporting
o    Corporate governance
o    Executive remuneration
o    Corporate responsibility
o    Narrative reporting









5.   Benefits of reporting
1. Company benefits:
o    Improved financial performance;
o    Lower operating costs;
o    Enhanced brand image and reputation;
o    Increased sales and customer loyalty;
o    Greater productivity and quality;
o    More ability to attract and retain employees;
o    Reduced regulatory oversight;
o    Access to capital;
o    Workforce diversity;
o    Product safety and decreased liability.

2. Benefits to the community and the general public:
o    Charitable contributions;
o    Employee volunteer programmes;
o    Corporate involvement in community education, employment and homelessness programmes;
o    Product safety and quality.

3. Environmental benefits:
o    Greater material recyclability;
o    Better product durability and
o    functionality;
o    Greater use of renewable resources;
o    Integration of environmental management tools into business plans, including life-cycle assessment and costing, environmental management standards, and eco-labelling.

6.     NEW TRENDS IN REPORTING:
o    Corporate Reporting Compliance through Web Sites
o    Developments in company reporting on workplace gender equality
o    ( Sarbanes-Oxley US example )
o    Reporting has emerged as Global & International Responsibility (IFRS)
o    As Business Action for Sustainable Development
o    Corporate reporting is not just form-filling
o    Corporate’s social responsibility

7.     Latest developments :
o    Amendments to IAS 39 and IFRS 7
o    Legislation and guidance
o    Effective on-line reporting
o    Transparency in energy company accounts
o    Excutive remuneration
o    FRCouncil periodical reviews
o    disclosure Key Performance Indicators
o    on carbon emissions

8.     Corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective: Some of the drivers pushing business towards CSR include :
o    The shrinking role of government
o    Demands for greater disclosure
o    Increased customer interest
o    Growing investor pressure
o    Competitive labour markets
o    Supplier relations
o    Developments in company reporting on workplace gender equality

9.     Insights drawn :
o    reports are weak on disclosure and market context for investor needs
o    Getting to grips with non-GAAP measures - pitch variances
o    Take sustainability to heart – make it a mantra
o    Emissions reporting as per new report requirements
o    Improvement to the Financial Reporting Supply Chain and Areas for Future Actions.
o    Draft the New Sustainability reports.
o    Annual reports to be featured on You-Tube :
  1.  
    • Report Leadership - executive remuneration
    • Report Leadership - online reporting
    • Show more than the money
    • Comply Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA)
    • Shareholder friendly report
    • Best Practice Environmental Social and Governance Reporting

11.                        Global trends :
o    The Australian Reporting Environment –
o    Telling it like it is
o    Tax Transparency Framework’ 2007
o    to report on carbon activity disclosures
o    Corporate reporting be not reduced to form-
o    filling.
o    Learning to learn from the Global
o    experiences.
o    The Business Review and AIM(Alternative
o    Investment Market )

12.                        Good practices :
o    Selecting examples in reporting
o    Building Public Trust Awards for excedllence in reporting
o    Bringing ideas to life
o    Shareholder friendly report
o    Best Practice Environmental Social and Governance Reporting

13.                        Reporting Tips :
o    Have a backbone – thru Strategic statements
o    Present the big picture- Put your results in the context of market trends
o    Whom are you kidding? - Provide an honest and open analysis of both the upsides and the challenges the company faces.
o    Flash in the pains pan - provide charts to help investors understand what is driving revenue and profit growth. Is the growth sustainable, or not?

  1.  
    • Cash is king -'Let's clear up the cash flow statement
    • Report is not the kitchen sink - The important things are no more prominent than the things that aren't important.' Highlight principal risks, not all risks.
    • Bottom up - 'The area where there is greatest potential for increased disclosure that would add value
    • Bridging the GAAP - Embrace non-GAAP measures but apply certain ground rules “reconcile non-GAAP back to GAAP”

  1.  
    • You owe it to the Creditors - Debt information
    • Metrics that pay Explain clearly how management are incentivised
    • Wood for the trees Key information and messages can get lost in the volume of data and the use of jargon


Is how to achieve objectivity in social research?


Social research should be objective so that findings are without bias. Objectivity is when research is neutral, when personal bias has been removed meaning two independent researchers should be able to conduct the same research and get the same outcome.
However objectivity is more of an ideal then a reality social researchers are individuals with their own culture, race, religion, gender, beliefs etc. They come to what they are researching for personal reasons therefore how are they expected to remain neutral?
Traditional theorists (Weber, Durkheim) relived that social research can be objective. Objectivity was seen as a central methodological principle where the challenge was the practical constraints on objectivity rather then the desirability of the principle itself.
Objectivity can be seen as detrimental to social research by contemporary researchers as they believe that emotions and feelings contribute to their understanding of research.
Thus objectivity makes social research valid but i believe it is impossible for social researchers to step away from their feelings therefore is more of a ideal. Reflexivity is an alternative and is a way of researchers to acknowledge how they have helped construct meaning.

The objective of research is to learn new things from the Internet, books, people and many more ways to research

What are the good characteristic of a good research?


well first of all there should be something to back the answer up like a link or a picture and now secondly you should look if the person is writing with experience or research of some sort

What is good research?

Research is the act of seeking and obtaining knowledge by studying books, literature, the Internet; performing experiments and tests in order to prove or disprove a theory, and even realize a new discovery. 

The question of what define a good research is a great deal of attention, but too often it is conceived principally as a methodological question rather than an ethical one. Good research is a matter not only of suitable procedures but also beneficial aims and results to serve people well-being. There should be a good deal of history and convention against such a concept of researcher’s work.

High quality research gather knowledge that produced others in the past, produce new knowledge for himself and his readers also. Undoubtedly, the best research arises from a strong felt need by the researcher in order to solve a problem or answer a question.
 

What are the steps of educational research?

No unique style, format is declared and no rigidity is found to determine the steps of educational research. However, there are some common character found almost on each research process and those could be considered as the steps of educational research.
  1. Topic selection
  2. Literature review
  3. Identification of limitations in previous research
  4. Rationale
  5. Objective of the study
  6. Appropriate methodology
  7. Proposal writing
  8. Considering ethical points
  9. Tools development
  10. Data collection
  11. Validity and reliability of data
  12. Data cleaning and finalizing
  13. Data analysis with appropriate techniques
  14. Writing the individual findings and then compare
  15. Recommendation
  16. Suggestion for further studies

What is educational research?

Educational research deals with various phenomenon of education area. It is a part of social science in nature. It explores the present situation of some topics like as teaching-learning process, school management, students learning achievement etc. of education field and gives direction what should be done in both present and future. It clarifies as well as expresses everything from educational point of view.

A WEDDING CEREMONY IN THE BANGLADESHI FAMILY


A common proverb prevalent among Bengali's is that we have twelve seasons but thirteen occasions to celebrate. Marriage is one of them. The season of marriage brings along with itself a season of union of two families, a season of fun for the children of the family, a season of festivity for the elders and a season for shopping for all those shopaholics in the family.
Last week I arrived at my cousin’s place to attend her marriage. She is the eldest and for me it was the first marriage in which I would be an active participant. As is our custom, the preparation for the wedding began at least a month or two before the actual marriage date with the distribution of invitation cards and calling up on every relative to double check that they have received the invitation.
As far as I remember we had been selecting things for the wedding for ten days. Then we started the actual preparation with packing of the gifts that goes from the bride’s family to the groom. This is gift is called ‘tatta’. These gifts are not sent just like that. They are actually placed on trays and decorated with paper flowers and thermocol balls and packed with colored papers. These gifts are given when the bride goes to live with her husband. I was in charge of properly packing and decorating the gifts along with my younger brothers and sisters. Suddenly I was having this feeling of being so important and I started dominating the others.
Being in a wedding house gives you such a nice feeling of cheerfulness that you tend to tolerate even those eccentric relatives in the family like my aunt who keeps on sending people to shower when ever she finds the person dirty even with a small amount of gum.
The ceremony began with the ritual of applying turmeric paste on the bride. But the actual enjoyment began from the afternoon when my sister sat for her bridal makeover. She was making such a fuss over it, saying that her bindi was not properly matching her saree and the eye make up was too loud and  her hair was not properly done. But at end of it all she was indeed looking very beautiful.
In the evening all the relatives came over and house looked like a sea of colors. Every body was so well dressed and looking so pretty. The best part of it was that as the wedding was supposed to take place at night my sister kept on complaining that she was feeling hungry and every body could have food except for her as according to the ritual. Being the bridesmaid I was totally confident that I was the next best dressed girl in the party, coming second only to the bride herself.
But then came in the worst part of all time when the fun comes to an end and the bride leaves. Everybody was so sad and my sister was crying and the whole atmosphere was tensed so that even the people who are not very close to her also feel the momentary sadness of losing her. And we, to whom she was so close, could not stop the pain from rolling down our eyes and a question came up from my four year old sister that why the bride has to leave after marriage? Why can’t she stay with us? To which no one had any answer.
When everybody left and the house was quiet, the elders said a prayer of thanks for the happy ending of the ceremony. And we the youngsters came up with the resolution that we will stay with our parents after marriage to which all the elders laughed out in unison and we knew that the air of sadness was lifted and a happy occasion was ending in happiness.